Lineage & Titles
🔹 Father’s Side: Descendant of Timur (Founder of the Timurid Empire).
🔹 Mother’s Side: Descendant of Chagatai, second son of Chengiz Khan.
🔹 Due to his Timurid lineage, the Mughals were also referred to as Timurids.
🔹 Descendant of Timur (father’s side) & Chengiz Khan (mother’s side).
🔹 Became Sultan of Farghana (Afghanistan) at age 12 after his father Sultan Umar Shaikh Mirza died.
🔹 Lost his kingdom to a relative with the aid of Uzbek chief Shibani Khan.
Early Conquests & Entry into India
✅ 1504 CE – Established control in Kabul.
✅ 1519–1524 CE – Captured Bhira, Sialkot & Lahore (Punjab).
✅ Reasons for Indian Invasion:
- Kabul’s low income made it unsustainable.
- Threat of Uzbek attack on Kabul.
- Political instability in India after Sikandar Lodhi’s death.
✅ Invited by Indian Nobles:
- Daulat Khan Lodhi (Governor of Punjab).
- Alam Khan (Ibrahim Lodhi’s uncle).
- Rana Sanga (Mewar ruler).
⚔️ Major Battles & Conquests
🛡️ First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE) – Babur vs. Ibrahim Lodhi
📌 Outcome: Babur won, captured Delhi & Agra, and became “Emperor of Hindustan”.
📌 Key Aspects:
✅ Babur’s army: 12,000 soldiers vs. Ibrahim Lodhi’s 100,000 troops.
✅ Superior military tactics:
- Used Rumi (Ottoman) Tulguma system: Encircled enemy from both flanks.
- Central cavalry launched arrows & gunfire under expert Ottoman gunners Ustad Ali & Mustafa.
- Trenches & barricades used for defense.
✅ Victory Challenges:
- Nobles wanted to return to Central Asia (climate & cultural differences).
- Rajputs (led by Rana Sanga) aimed to expel Mughals.
- Afghans in UP, Bihar & Bengal regrouped to reclaim power.
🏹 Battle of Khanwa (1527 CE) – Babur vs. Rana Sanga
📌 Outcome: Babur defeated Rana Sanga, securing his rule in Delhi–Agra region.
📌 Key Aspects:
✅ Rana Sanga’s Supporters: Rajput chiefs of Jalore, Sirohi, Dungarpur, Amber, and others.
✅ Babur declared it a Jihad and took the title “Ghazi” after victory.
✅ Strengthened rule by conquering:
- Gwalior, Dholpur, Alwar, and east of Agra.
🏰 Battle of Chanderi (1528 CE) – Babur vs. Medini Rai (Malwa Rajput Leader)
📌 Outcome: Babur defeated Medini Rai, crushing Rajput resistance in the region.
🌊 Battle of Ghagra (1529 CE) – Babur vs. Afghan Chiefs
📌 Outcome: Babur defeated Mahmud Lodhi (brother of Ibrahim Lodhi) & Afghan chiefs but did not gain a decisive victory.
📌 Significance: Marked the end of his major battles.
Death & Burial (1530 CE)
🛕 Died in Agra, later buried in Kabul.
Significance of Babur’s Advent into India
🛡️ Security from External Invasions:
✅ Integrated Kabul & Gandhar into the Mughal Empire, securing North-West Frontier.
✅ Boosted trans-Asian trade (connections with China & Mediterranean seaports).
🏰 Foundation of an All-India Empire:
✅ Defeated Rajput Confederacy, paving the way for Mughal rule.
⚔️ Revolutionized Warfare:
✅ Popularized Gunpowder, Cavalry & Artillery in India.
👑 Restored Delhi’s Authority:
✅ Revived royal control eroded since Firoz Shah Tughlaq.
📚 Scholar & Writer:
✅ Wrote Tuzuk-i-Babri/Baburnama in Turki (translated into Persian by Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khana).
✅ Also wrote Masnavi.
🌿 Love for Nature & Architecture:
✅ Described Indian flora & fauna in detail.
✅ Introduced Char-Bagh gardens (symmetrical layout with fountains & running water).
🕌 Architectural Contributions:
✅ Built mosques at Panipat & Sambhal (Rohilkhand).
🎯 Babur’s Legacy
📌 A fearless warrior, a strategic ruler, a patron of arts, and the true founder of the Mughal Empire in India! 🌟
FAQs
Babur was a Central Asian ruler who established Mughal rule in India after defeating Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE).
Babur’s father was Umar Shaikh Mirza II, the ruler of Farghana.
Babur’s son was Humayun, who succeeded him as the second Mughal Emperor.
Babur was a follower of the Naqshbandi Sufi order and was deeply influenced by Khwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar.
Babur was invited to invade India by Daulat Khan Lodhi (Governor of Punjab), Alam Khan (Ibrahim Lodhi’s uncle), and Rana Sanga of Mewar to overthrow Ibrahim Lodhi.
Babur came to India in 1526 CE and established the Mughal Empire after winning the First Battle of Panipat.
Babur established the Mughal Empire by defeating:
✅ Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE)
✅ Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa (1527 CE)
✅ Rajput ruler Medini Rai in the Battle of Chanderi (1528 CE)
✅ Afghan forces under Mahmud Lodhi in the Battle of Ghagra (1529 CE)
Babur assumed the title of Badshah (Emperor of Hindustan) after his victory in the First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE).
Babur died in 1530 CE in Agra due to illness. Some accounts suggest he sacrificed his health to save his son Humayun, who was critically ill.
Babur died in Agra (India) but was later buried in Kabul (Afghanistan), as per his wishes.
Timur was not a descendant of Babur; rather, Babur was a descendant of Timur from his father’s side.
The exact number varies, but Babur mentioned several Indian rulers in his memoir Baburnama (Tuzuk-i-Babri), including Ibrahim Lodhi, Rana Sanga, and Medini Rai.
