The Government of India, led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has made a notable decision to designate June 25 each year as ‘Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas’ (Constitution Murder Day).
June 25 holds a significant place in Indian history. This day is observed as Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas to commemorate the dark period of the Emergency in India. It’s a day to remember the grave impacts on the Indian Constitution and the civil liberties of the citizens.
Historical Background
Emergency in India (1975-1977)
The Emergency refers to the 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency across the country. This was a time of immense political upheaval and constitutional crisis.
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Key Events Leading to the Emergency
The declaration of the Emergency on June 25, 1975, was precipitated by a series of political events and court rulings that threatened Indira Gandhi’s position as Prime Minister. Notably, the Allahabad High Court had found her guilty of electoral malpractices, leading to widespread calls for her resignation.
On June 25, 1975, PM Indira Gandhi imposed the Emergency, curbing democracy and silencing media. Countless citizens were unjustly imprisoned. To honor their resilience, the Government of India will observe June 25 as 'Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas' annually, remembering the sacrifices… pic.twitter.com/7gMbdSDyYi
— Nitin Gadkari (@nitin_gadkari) July 12, 2024
Impact on the Indian Constitution
The Emergency had a profound impact on the Indian Constitution. Fundamental rights were suspended, and the government assumed unchecked powers, leading to widespread abuses and a breakdown of democratic processes.
What is Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas?
Definition and Meaning
Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas translates to “Constitution Murder Day.” It marks the anniversary of the day when the Indian Constitution was effectively undermined by the declaration of the Emergency.
Why it is Observed
This day is observed to remember the period when the democratic principles of the country were trampled upon. It serves as a reminder of the importance of safeguarding the Constitution and the civil liberties enshrined in it.
Importance of Observing Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas
Remembrance of Historical Events
Observing this day helps in keeping the memory of the Emergency alive, ensuring that the sacrifices of those who fought against it are not forgotten.
Educating the Younger Generation
The younger generation must understand the historical significance of this period and the importance of protecting democratic values.
Promoting Constitutional Awareness
Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas promotes awareness about the Constitution and the need to uphold its principles in all circumstances.
The Emergency: A Closer Look
Declaration of the Emergency
On June 25, 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed declared a state of emergency based on the advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, citing internal disturbances.
Major Players Involved
Key figures during this period included Indira Gandhi, her son Sanjay Gandhi, and several other political leaders who played pivotal roles in the administration and enforcement of Emergency measures.
Suspension of Civil Liberties
During the Emergency, civil liberties were severely curtailed. Political opponents were arrested, and the press was censored, leading to a stifling of dissent.
Impact on Media and Freedom of Speech
Censorship During the Emergency
The press faced severe restrictions, with publications requiring government approval before printing. This led to a significant suppression of free speech and expression.
Role of Journalists and the Press
Despite the heavy censorship, some journalists and newspapers found ways to resist and report on the truth, showcasing immense courage and resilience.
Political Repercussions
Changes in the Political Landscape
The Emergency led to significant changes in India’s political landscape, including the rise of opposition movements and a stronger push for democratic reforms.
Rise of Opposition Movements
Opposition leaders, including Jayaprakash Narayan, mobilized massive protests and resistance movements, eventually leading to the restoration of democracy.
Legal and Judicial Implications
Amendments to the Constitution
Several amendments were made to the Constitution during and after the Emergency to prevent such an abuse of power in the future.
Role of the Judiciary During the Emergency
The judiciary faced significant pressure during the Emergency, with several controversial rulings that were seen as supportive of the government’s actions.
Public Reaction and Resistance
Popular Movements and Protests
The public reaction to the Emergency included widespread protests and civil disobedience, with many citizens actively participating in movements against the government.
Key Figures in the Resistance
Leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Morarji Desai became symbols of resistance, rallying the public against the oppressive measures of the government.
End of the Emergency
Events Leading to the End of the Emergency
The Emergency ended in March 1977 when Indira Gandhi called for general elections, leading to her defeat and the restoration of democratic governance.
Restoration of Democracy
The elections marked the return of democracy in India, with the opposition parties forming the government and Indira Gandhi’s Congress Party being ousted from power.
Lessons Learned from the Emergency
Constitutional Safeguards
The period highlighted the need for strong constitutional safeguards to prevent the abuse of power and protect democratic institutions.
Importance of Civil Liberties
The importance of civil liberties and the need to uphold them under all circumstances was a crucial lesson from the Emergency.
Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas Observances
Activities and Events on June 25
On June 25, various activities and events are organized, including seminars, lectures, and discussions, to commemorate the day and educate people about the Emergency.
Role of Educational Institutions
Educational institutions play a vital role in observing this day by organizing events that highlight the significance of constitutional values and democratic principles.
Role of Media in Observing Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas
Coverage of Events
The media plays a crucial role in covering events related to Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas, ensuring that the public is informed and engaged.
Media’s Role in Educating the Public
By highlighting the historical significance and lessons of the Emergency, the media helps in educating the public about the importance of protecting democratic values.
Government Initiatives
Official Statements and Events
The government often issues official statements and organizes events to mark Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas, emphasizing the importance of constitutional values.
Involvement of Political Leaders
Political leaders participate in various events and activities, reiterating their commitment to upholding the Constitution and democratic principles.
Conclusion
Observing Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas is essential for remembering the dark period of the Emergency and the impact it had on India’s democracy. It serves as a reminder of the importance of safeguarding our Constitution and civil liberties. By educating the public and especially the younger generation, we can ensure that such a period never occurs again.
FAQs
Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas, or Constitution Murder Day, is observed on June 25 to commemorate the day when the Emergency was declared in India, undermining the Constitution.
Observing this day is crucial for remembering the impact of the Emergency on India’s democracy and for educating the public about the importance of protecting constitutional values.
The Emergency had a profound impact on India, leading to the suspension of civil liberties, censorship of the press, and significant political and social upheaval.
Key lessons include the importance of constitutional safeguards, the protection of civil liberties, and the need for vigilance to prevent the abuse of power.
One can participate by attending events, engaging in discussions, educating others about the significance of the day, and promoting awareness about the importance of democratic values.
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